Spiritual Death
Three Possible Interpretations





Preview

  1. Preview
  2. Introduction
  3. Calvinist View of Spiritual Death
  4. Greek Words for 'Death'
    1. Ptoma
    2. Kulon
    3. Teleutao
    4. thnesko
    5. Thanatos
    6. Nekros
  5. Nekros
    1. Lazarus
    2. Sardis
    3. Prodigal Son
  6. Broken Relationship Vs Corpse-Like State
    1. Context Clues for Broken Relationship
    2. Scriptural Support for Corpse-Like State
  7. Summary
  8. Conclusions
  9. Sources

Introduction

Spiritually Dead [1 ]
The most commonly cited verses about spiritual death when portraying it as a corpse-like state are from Ephesians 2:1-2, 5  ”As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins . . . [God] made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions”

Calvinists AND Arminians Agree on Spiritual Death [2 ]
Though Calvinists and Arminians disagree on almost everything, they do agree that Ephesians 2 describes a human inability to receive Christ.
Calvinists believe “Regeneration Precedes Faith”, that God regenerates people so they are able to believe in Christ. These regenerated people are unable to reject Christ.
Arminians believe in Prevenient Grace, that God creates a “bubble” of Free Will wherein people have a temporary freedom to choose or reject Christ.

Exegesis Vs Eisegesis [3 ]
Exegesis = noun,  plural ex·e·ge·ses [ek-si-jee-seez] /ˌɛk sɪˈdʒi siz/.critical explanation or interpretation of a text or portion of a text, especially of the Bible. [Reading out of the text; ex being Greek for “from”, or “out of”]

Eisegesis = noun,  plural eis·e·ge·ses [ahy-si-jee-seez] /ˌaɪ sɪˈdʒi siz/.an interpretation, especially of Scripture, that expresses the interpreter's own ideas, bias, or the like, rather than the meaning of the text. [Reading out of the text; eis being Greek for “in”, ”into”]

An Accusation of Eisegesis [4 ]
In this slideshow, I attempt to demonstrate that the Calvinist teaching regarding spiritual death—that it is a corpse-like spiritual state where human beings are totally incapable of responding to or receiving Christ--is in fact eisegesis.

Calvinist View of Spiritual Death

Calvinist Quotes [5 ]
Here are some quotes from Calvinist writings that put forward this view of spiritual death as a corpse-like state that makes us totally unable to respond to Christ.

  1. "There is not an ounce of spiritual life left in them. If they are to be made alive, God must do more than offer them medicine. Dead men will not open their mouths to receive anything. Their jaws are locked in death. Rigor mortis has set in." Sproul, Chosen By God, p. 90-91
  2. "Those who are dead do not respond to stimulus. Indeed, they cannot respond to stimulus. You can poke them and yell at them and flash bright lights at them, but they will not, they cannot respond." http://tcpii.tripod.com/wrath.htm
  3. "Like a corpse in a morgue" Amazing Grace, (DVD) 2:42:45.
  4. “He is not merely drowning, he has already sunk to the bottom of the sea. It is futile to throw a life preserver to a man who has already drowned. If I understand Paul, I hear him saying that God dives into the water and pulls a dead man from the bottom of the sea and then performs a divine act of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. He breathes into the dead man new life." Sproul, Chosen By God, p. 90-91.
  5. "Unregenerate man can no more choose Christ or see spiritual truth than a rotting corpse can play tennis or debate philosophy. There is no middle ground between being alive and being dead. Unregenerate men are not just sick, handicapped or impaired but dead." http://www.graceonlinelibrary.org/reformed-theology/total-depravity/an-examination-of-the-five-points-of-calvinism -part-i-total-depravity-by-brian-schwertley/
  6. “He cannot even open his mouth. Nor does he have any desire to call a doctor to help him. He is dead … The Calvinist … would compare man to one who jumps off the top of the Empire State Building and is spattered over the sidewalk. Even if there were anything left of him when he landed, he could not know that he needed help, let alone cry out for it. That man is dead -- lifeless -- and cannot even desire to be made whole.” Palmer, The Five Points of Calvinism, p. 17-18
  7. "[M]an is not capable of ‘cooperating’ anymore than a corpse is able to help in its own resurrection. p. 100...But what does it mean to say that a spiritually dead person, while dead, can still 'reach out and accept the lifeline'? How can that be? Dead men do not reach out for anything." White, James. The Potter’s Freedom, p. 104
  8. "He is unable to ask for help unless God changes his heart of stone into a heart of flesh, and makes him alive spiritually.” Palmer, The Five Points of Calvinism, p. 19
  9. "[S]piritual death means to be like a physically dead corpse and so nonresponsive and unable to believe the gospel " http://www.monergism.com/deadinsin.html
  10. "Apart from Sovereign Grace that makes alive we would do as well screaming at a corpse in the county morgue, ‘Rise up and live!’” Storms,C. Samuel. Chosen for Life, p. 133.
  11. "Can a dead man think? Can a dead man will? Can a dead man give evidence of life? The spiritually dead man is incapable of any spiritual good.“ Hanko, Herman. “The Five Points of Calvinism.” http://www.prca.org/fivepoints/chapter1.html


The Calvinist Picture of Spiritual Death [6 ]
Calvinists attach great significance to the concept of Spiritual Death. For Calvinists, Spiritual Death is the centerpoint, the foundation, the apex of our spiritual condition, the starting point for all discussions of human redemption; the description that dwarfs all other descriptions.

Spiritually Dead!!! Eph 21,5:, Col 2:13
  • Blind
    • Self Jn 12:40
    • By Satan II Cor 4:4
  • Deaf / Not Hearing Mt 13:9-17
  • Darkness Itself Eph 5:8
  • Sick Mt 9:12; Mk 2:17; LK 5:31;
  • Lost Coins, Lk 15
  • Lost Sheep, Lk 15; Is 53:6
  • Just Plain Lost, Mt. 18:11
  • Fools Rom 1:18-32;
  • Foreigners, Aliens, Strangers Eph 2:12-19;
  • Slaves of Sin John 8:34; Rom 6:6, 6:16-22; Gal 4:8
  • Sinners I Tim 1:15
  • Prodigals, Lk 15
  • Children Of
    • Wrath Eph 2:3
    • Satan John 8:44
    • Disobedience Eph 2:2, 5:6; Col 3:6
  • Objects of Wrath Eph 2:3
  • Hearts
    • Hardened Jn 12:40; Ep 4:18,19
    • Darkened Eph 4:18
    • Uncircumcised Acts 7:51; Col 2:13
  • Ignorant Acts17:30; Eph 4:18; I Pet 1:14
  • Enemies of God Rom 5:10; Col 1:21


However, Spiritual Death Is Relatively Insignificance in the Scriptures [7 ]
In the New Testament, however, Death is just one of MANY metaphorical descriptors of our condition. Spiritual Death is NEVER represented as ...

The Centerpoint The Foundation The Apex The Starting Point


of our spiritual condition,


of our spiritual condition,



of our spiritual condition, or



for discussions of our spiritual condition


The Actual Biblical Significance of Spiritual Death [8 ]
In the Biblical View of Humanity’s Spiritual Condition, Spiritual Death is just one of many metaphorical descriptions of our Spiritual Condition, no more significant than any other descriptor; not the centerpoint, not the foundation, not the apex of our spiritual condition, nor the starting point for discussions of our spiritual condition. Biblically, "Spiritually Dead" does not stand out from other descriptors.

Aliens Eph 2:12-19; • Blinded By Satan II Cor 4:4 • Blinded by Self Jn 12:40 • Children of Disobedience Eph 2:2, 5:6; Col 3:6 • Children of Satan John 8:44 • Children of Wrath Eph 2:3 • Darkness Itself Eph 5:8 • Deaf / Not Hearing Mt 13:9-17 • Enemies of God Rom 5:10; Col 1:21 • Fools Rom 1:18-32; • Foreigners Eph 2:12-19; • Hearts Darkened Eph 4:18 • Hearts Hardened Jn 12:40; Ep 4:18,19 • Hearts Uncircumcised Acts 7:51; Col 2:13 • Ignorant Acts17:30; Eph 4:18; I Pet 1:14 • Just Plain Lost, Mt. 18:11 • Lost Coins, Lk 15 • Lost Sheep, Lk 15; Is 53:6 • Objects of Wrath Eph 2:3 • Prodigals, Lk 15 • Sick Mt 9:12; Mk 2:17; LK 5:31; • Sinners I Tim 1:15 • Slaves of Sin John 8:34; Rom 6:6, 6:16-22; Gal 4:8 • Spiritually Dead Eph 21,5:, Col 2:13 • Strangers Eph 2:12-19;

OBJECTION! By its Nature, Death Trumps Everything Else! [9 ]
It could be argued that death is extremely significant because of death’s own intrinsic nature; death trumps every other descriptor of our spiritual condition.

That would be true and the argument over if Calvinists were correct in their description of Spiritual Death, i.e., man is a spiritually inanimate, spiritually unresponsive corpse or carcass. But before you can claim that Spiritual Death trumps all other descriptions, you first have to establish that the Bible portrays Spiritual Death as a corpse-like state. That is the crux of the matter.

Greek Words for 'Death'

God Could Have Made "Spirtually Dead" Meaning a Corpse-Like State Incontestable [10 ]
If this description of spiritual death as a corpse-like state was true, why didn't God choose to make this incontestable with a better word choice than nekros?

God passes over ptoma and kolon, words that would have cinched the concept of spiritual death as a corpse-like state, to choose a more general and vague term, nekros.

Πτομα (Ptoma)

Πτομα Used 5 Times in Scripture with only 1 meaning [11 ]

Κυλον (Kulon)

Κυλον (kulon) Used 1 time in Scripture with only 1 meaning [12 ]
Hebrews 3:17 "With whom was God angry for forty years? Wasn’t it with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?"

Τελευταο (Teleutao)

Teleutaw Used 13 time in Scripture with only 2 meanings [13 ]
Teleutaw refers to physical death with three possible exceptions: “where their worm dieth not.” (Mark 9:44, 9:46, 9:48)--“worm” = memory of past sins? Teleutaw would have been a stronger choice than nekros to lock in the concept of a corpse-like state, but not as strong a choice as either ptoma or kulon.

Θνεσκο (Thnesko)

Thnesko Used 13 time in Scripture with only 2 meanings [14 ]
Thnesko refers to physical death in 12 of the 13 times it appears in Scripture. The one figurative example is I Timothy 5:6: “she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth.” Thnesko would have been a much stronger choice than nekros to lock in the concept of a corpse-like state, but not as strong a choice as either ptoma or kulon.

Θανατος (Thanatos)

Thanatos Used 106 times in Scripture with multiple meanings [15 ]
Thanatos has the same problem as nekros if the intention is to lock in the concept of spiritual death as a corpse-like state. Thanatos is all over the place literally and figuratively. In many cases, it is hard to decipher whether the passage refers to the first death (physical), second death (damnation), or both. It is simply not as sound a choice as either ptoma or kulon.

Νεκρος (Nekros)

But God chose nekros [16 ]
A word used as a noun and adjective over 125 times in the New Testament with multiple literal and multiple metaphorical meanings

Νεκρος (Nekros)

God chose nekros… [17 ]

LITERAL DEFINITIONS METAPHORICAL DEFINITIONS
  • one that has breathed his last, lifeless
  • deceased, departed, one whose soul is in heaven or hell
  • destitute of life, without life, inanimate
  • destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins
  • inactive as respects doing right
  • destitute of force or power, inactive, inoperative


Scripture Citations [18 ]

Nekros (Literally, Physically Dead) Nekros (Metaphorically Dead)
Physically Dead Dead Things
Matthew 5:10, 8:22, 10;8,14:2, 17:9, 22:31, 22:32, 23:27, 27:64, 28:4, 28:7, Mark 6:14, 9:9, 9:10, 9:26, 12:25, 12:26, 12:27; Luke 7:15, 7:22, 9:7,9:60, 16:30, 16:31, 20:25, 20:37, 20:38, 24:5, 24:46; John 2:22, 5:21; 5:25, 12:1, 12:9, 12:17, 20:9, 21:14; Acts 3:15, 4:2, 4:10, 5:10, 10:41, 10:42, 13:30, 13:34, 17:3, 17:31, 17:32, 20:19, 23:6, 24:21, 26:8; 28:6; Romans 1:4, 4:17, 4:24, 6:4, 6:9, 6:13, 7:4, 8:10, 8:11, 8:11, 10:7, 10:9; I Corinthians 15:12, 15:12, 15:13, 15:16, 15:20, 15:21, 15:29, 15:29, 15:32, 15:35, 15:42, 15:52, II Corinthians 1:9; Galatians 1:1; Ephesians 1:20, 5:14; Phillipians 3:11; Colossians 1:18, 2:12; I Thessalonians 1:10, 4:16; I Timothy 4:1; II Timothy 2:8; Hebrews 6:2, 9:17, 11:19, 11:35, 13:20; I Peter 1:3, 4:5; James 2:26; Revelation 1:5, 1:17, 1:18, 2:8, 16:3
  • Sin is Dead – Romans 7:8
  • Dead Works – Hebrews 6:1, 9:14
  • Faith Without Works is Dead – James: 2:17, 2:26
Resurrected Dead Dead People/Groups of People
Luke 16:30, 16:31, 24:5; Romans 14:9, Revelation 11:18, 14:13, 20:12, 20:12, 20:13
  • Christians are Dead to Sin – Romans 6:11
  • Live Men Still and Unmoving (Like the Dead) – Revelation 1:17;
  • The Prodigal Son – Luke 15:24, 15:32;
  • Spiritually Dead
    • Unregenerated – Matthew 8:22; Luke 9:60; Romans 11:15; Ephesians 2:1, 2:5; Colossians 2:13; I Peter 4:6;
    • Regenerated - Church at Sardis, Revelation 3:1
To Be Resurrected
Revelation 20:5


Nekros Scriptures About Spiritual Death Outside Ephesians 2 and Colossians 2 [19 ]


Three Possible Metaphorical Interpretations for nekros

[20 ]
Lazarus John 11 ”Destitute of life; without life; inanimate" Church At Sardis Rev 3:1 "Inactive as respects doing right" Prodigal Son Lk 15:24,31 ”Destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins"

Lazarus -”Destitute of life; without life; inanimate"

Lazarus: Spiritual Death = Unresponsive Corpse-Like State? [21 ]


Lazarus, He Gets No Respect [22 ]
Calvinists …

Calvinists Misunderstand the Facts in the Lazarus Story. This Is What Really Happens [23 ]
  1. First, read the story of a different Lazarus in Luke 16:19-26 "19 There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day:20 And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores, 21 And desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table: moreover the dogs came and licked his sores. 22 And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham's bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried; 23 And in hell he lifts up his eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. 24 And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame. 25 But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented. 26 And beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence."

  2. Second, read John 11:43 - “Lazarus, come out!”

  3. Third, answer this question Jesus is addressing Lazarus in John 11;43. Is Jesus speaking to

    The lifeless blob of flesh in the tomb

    OR The living soul of Lazarus, dwelling in the Bosom of Abraham with the other Lazarus, the Lazarus from Luke 16?



  4. Lastly, accept or somehow disprove that the Bosom of Abraham view is the genuinely Biblical view. This Bosom of Abraham view renders the Calvinist claim irrelevant--"Those who are dead do not respond to stimulus. Indeed, they cannot respond to stimulus. You can poke them and yell at them and flash bright lights at them, but they will not, they cannot respond." http://tcpii.tripod.com/wrath.htm -- since Jesus is not addressing the lifeless blob of flesh that used to be Lazarus but, rather, is addressing the living, responsive soul of Lazarus temporarily residing in the Bosom of Abraham.


Calvinists Disagree With Jesus Over the Point of Lazararus's Resurrection

[24 ]
Calvinists Say Jesus Says
"[S]piritual death means to be like a physically dead corpse and so nonresponsive and unable to believe the gospel " http://www.monergism.com/deadinsin.html The Exact Opposite of What Calvinists Say... “41 So they took away the stone. Then Jesus looked up and said, ‘Father, I thank you that you have heard me. 42 I knew that you always hear me, but I said this for the benefit of the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me.’


No Biblical Foundation Whatsoever for Lazarus = Spiritual Death [25 ]

Any connection between Lazarus and Spiritual Death is 100% imagination, 0% revelation.

POINT COUNTER-POINT
"Lazarus was a dead man. There was absolutely nothing he could do to cause or assist in his physical resurrection from the dead. Lazarus could not obey Jesus' command to come out of the tomb until God first made him alive again. Such is the case with salvation also “ http://carm.org/lazarus-come-out-john-11-38-44: Could someone, anyone, point to any Scripture making the Lazarus = Spiritual Death connection to back up this claim? NO SUCH SCRIPTURE EXISTS. This entire connection between Lazarus and Spiritual Death is human imagination; not divine revelation.


Question 1: Does The Dead IN Sin Principle Also Apply to Dead TO Sin? [26 ]
If one argues being “dead IN sin” is a corpse-like state where we are unable to commit acts of righteousness, doesn’t it logically follow that he must also argue that being “dead TO sin” is another corpse-like state where we are unable to commit sinful acts, i.e., sinless perfection?

Question 2: Why Blind a Corpse? [27 ]
2 Corinthians 4:4 “In their case, the god of this age has blinded the minds of the unbelievers to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.”

If unbelievers are already in a corpse-like state where they cannot believe and receive Christ, why would the Devil need to blind them?

Before We Leave Lazarus Behind … [28 ]
"I get no respect! Bad enough what Calvinists did to me, but there’s more.! Jesus raises me from the dead and look at what happens next in John 12:9-11!" “9 Then a large crowd of the Jews learned he was there. They came not only because of Jesus but also to see Lazarus, the one he had raised from the dead. 10 But the chief priests had decided to kill Lazarus also, 11 because he was the reason many of the Jews were deserting them and believing in Jesus.”

Sardis - "Inactive as respects doing right"

The Church at Sardis: Spiritual Death = Cold, Backslidden State? [29 ]
Calvinists paint Spiritual Death as the corpse-like state of unregenerate humans. Revelations 3:1 uses nekros to describe the Church at Sardis, a regenerate group of people. "[Y]ou have a reputation for being alive, but you are dead" Rev 3:1

Sardis is dead, but Sardis itself can strengthen the things which remain and fix their death problem themselves, not wait on God to monergistically awaken them. If they wait on God instead of taking charge, they are not going to be happy when God does show up (Rev 3:3).

Does Sardis Match Up With Ephesians 2? [30 ]

Prodigal Son - ”Destitute of a life that recognizes and is devoted to God, because given up to trespasses and sins"

Prodigal Son and FatherProdigals and Pigs: Spiritual Death = Broken Relationship? [31 ]

Prodigal Son: Unbeliever or Backslider? [32 ]
People disagree on whether the Prodigal Son was an unbeliever receiving forgiveness and salvation (unregenerate) or a backslider being welcomed back to the paths of righteousness (regenerate). For our discussion, it doesn’t matter. The church at Sardis demonstrates that spiritual death is a separation from God that can apply to regenerate persons. Either way, the Prodigal was dead and is now alive.

The Prodigal Son Was Desperate Not Righteous [33 ]
“15 So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 16 He longed to fill his stomach with the pods that the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything. 17 “When he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired servants have food to spare, and here I am starving to death!” Luke 15:15-17

Like the Prodigal, many Christian converts were motivated by fear of Hell or God’s wrath, self-interest, or self-loathing when we repented and believed, not by a love for God or any desire to please God.

The Spirit Convicts of Sin, Righteousness, Judgment [34 ]
Luke 15:15-19 “18 I will set out and go back to my father and say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one of your hired servants.’”

“I have sinned” The Holy Spirit had used the Prodigal’s circumstances to convict him of sin, righteousness, and judgment to come.

“Against heaven and against you” Under the Spirit’s prompting, the Prodigal sees he has offended both God and man.

“I am no longer worthy” The Prodigal saw himself as he really was.


The Spirit Moves the Prodigal Son to Solve His “Death” Problem [35 ]
“20 So he got up and went to his father.” Luke 15:20

Even though the Prodigal was going to his father, he remains unworthy. He was not yet forgiven nor welcomed back to his father’s house.

In the same way, sinners repenting and believing are not yet forgiven or welcome in the Kingdom of God. We may have done 100% of what the Bible tells us to do, but we are still sinners, still deserving of Hell. We are not 1% saved or 50% saved by our human actions; we are 0% saved. However, doing our 100% of what God requires from us puts us in the position where God can and does fulfill His promise to perform His 100% supernatural work of regenerating us.


The Prodigal Did Not Feel Entitled to Forgiveness [36 ]
21 “The son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ Luke 15:21

When the Prodigal distinguishes between a sin against heaven and a sin against his earthly father, the Prodigal establishes his father is a man modelling God’s forgiving behavior, but not God Himself.

It is the grace of God, not our repentance that redeems us. God could choose to react to us like the Prodigal’s older brother, but God has promised not to react that way.


The Father Does ALL the Work of Forgiving [37 ]
Luke 15:22 “22 But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. 23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let’s have a feast and celebrate. 24 For this son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’ So they began to celebrate. "

When we repent and believe, we have done 100% of the natural actions God requires of us. But that is natural action with no supernatural effect; we are still lost and Grade A meat for Hell. But once we have repented and believed, God follows up with 100% of the supernatural work He promised to do, the work of forgiving and regenerating us.

Broken Relationship Vs Corpse-Like State

Why Believe Spiritual Death is a Broken Relationship? [38 ]
Why Believe Spiritual Death is a Broken Relationship? There is an abundance of contextual clues that suggest Spiritual Death is just another relationship under discussion in Ephesians 2. This chapter flows over with relationship words and phrases: nouns (sons, strangers, enmity, gift, access, etc.), verbs (reconcile, loved, etc.), prepositions (in, among, with, without, toward), and adverbs (together, far off, near).

Context Clues for Broken Relationship

Ephesians 2, Contextual Clues that Ephesians 2 is About Relationships [39 ]
1 And you He made alive, who were dead in trespasses and sins, 2 in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom also we all once conducted ourselves in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, just as the others. 4 But God, who is rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us, 5 even when we were dead in trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), 6 and raised us up together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, 7 that in the ages to come He might show the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9 not of works, lest anyone should boast. 10 For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them. 11 Therefore remember that you, once Gentiles in the flesh—who are called Uncircumcision by what is called the Circumcision made in the flesh by hands— 12 that at that time you were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For He Himself is our peace, who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of separation, 15 having abolished in His flesh the enmity, that is, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, so as to create in Himself one new man from the two, thus making peace, 16 and that He might reconcile them both to God in one body through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity. 17 And He came and preached peace to you who were afar off and to those who were near. 18 For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father. 19 Now, therefore, you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God, 20 having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone, 21 in whom the whole building, being fitted together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, 22 in whom you also are being built together for a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.

Scriptural Support for Corpse-Like State

Let’s Look for Corpse References Now [40 ]

We have seen well over a score of relationship-based phrases or expressions inside Ephesians 2. Now let’s match the Calvinist quotes we began our study with to Bible texts either in Ephesians 2 or, for that matter, anywhere else in the New Testament.

Fill In the Appropriate Scripture

  1. _______________________ "There is not an ounce of spiritual life left in them. If they are to be made alive, God must do more than offer them medicine. Dead men will not open their mouths to receive anything. Their jaws are locked in death. Rigor mortis has set in." Sproul, Chosen By God, p. 90-91
  2. _______________________ "Those who are dead do not respond to stimulus. Indeed, they cannot respond to stimulus. You can poke them and yell at them and flash bright lights at them, but they will not, they cannot respond." http://tcpii.tripod.com/wrath.htm
  3. _______________________ "Like a corpse in a morgue" Amazing Grace, (DVD) 2:42:45.
  4. _______________________ “He is not merely drowning, he has already sunk to the bottom of the sea. It is futile to throw a life preserver to a man who has already drowned. If I understand Paul, I hear him saying that God dives into the water and pulls a dead man from the bottom of the sea and then performs a divine act of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. He breathes into the dead man new life." Sproul, Chosen By God, p. 90-91.
  5. _______________________ "Unregenerate man can no more choose Christ or see spiritual truth than a rotting corpse can play tennis or debate philosophy. There is no middle ground between being alive and being dead. Unregenerate men are not just sick, handicapped or impaired but dead." http://www.graceonlinelibrary.org/reformed-theology/total-depravity/an-examination-of-the-five-points-of-calvinism -part-i-total-depravity-by-brian-schwertley/
  6. _______________________ "He is unable to ask for help unless God changes his heart of stone into a heart of flesh, and makes him alive spiritually.” Palmer, The Five Points of Calvinism, p. 19
  7. _______________________ "[M]an is not capable of ‘cooperating’ anymore than a corpse is able to help in its own resurrection. p. 100...But what does it mean to say that a spiritually dead person, while dead, can still 'reach out and accept the lifeline'? How can that be? Dead men do not reach out for anything." White, James. The Potter’s Freedom, p. 104
  8. _______________________ “He cannot even open his mouth. Nor does he have any desire to call a doctor to help him. He is dead … The Calvinist … would compare man to one who jumps off the top of the Empire State Building and is spattered over the sidewalk. Even if there were anything left of him when he landed, he could not know that he needed help, let alone cry out for it. That man is dead -- lifeless -- and cannot even desire to be made whole.” Palmer, The Five Points of Calvinism, p. 17-18
  9. _______________________ "[S]piritual death means to be like a physically dead corpse and so nonresponsive and unable to believe the gospel" http://www.monergism.com/deadinsin.html
  10. _______________________ "Apart from Sovereign Grace that makes alive we would do as well screaming at a corpse in the county morgue, ‘Rise up and live!’” Storms,C. Samuel. Chosen for Life, p. 133.
  11. _______________________ "Can a dead man think? Can a dead man will? Can a dead man give evidence of life? The spiritually dead man is incapable of any spiritual good.“ Hanko, Herman. “The Five Points of Calvinism.” http://www.prca.org/fivepoints/chapter1.html

Summary

POINT 1: Relative Insignificance of Spiritual Death [41 ]
In the New Testament, Death is just one of MANY metaphorical descriptors of our condition. Spiritual death is NEVER represented as

POINT 2: God passed over more suitable words for “corpse” [42 ]
God passes over ptoma and kolon , words that would have cinched the concept of spiritual death as a corpse-like state, to choose a more general and vague term, nekros.

POINT 3: Lazarus is NOT the model for Spiritual Death [43 ]
Christ spoke to a disembodied spirit in the bosom of Abraham, not dead tissue in a cave. Lazarus’s resurrection is an invitation to believe in Christ, not a demonstration of human inability to believe in Christ.

There is no Scriptural connection between Spiritual Death and Lazarus. This connection is 100% human imagination, 0% Divine Revelation.

POINT 4: Consistency for Dead IN Sin and Dead TO Sin [44 ]
If you dogmatically assert that dead IN trespasses and sins incapacitates you for acts of righteousness, shouldn’t you also assert being dead TO sin incapacitates you for acts of unrighteousness? In other words, shouldn’t you teach sinless perfectionism to be consistent?

POINT 5: Blinding Corpses [45 ]
Does it make any sense for Satan, the god of this world, to blind unbelievers who are already in a corpse-like state from which they cannot escape. (II Cor 4:4) What would be the point in Satan doing this?

POINT 6: nekros is applied to regenerated people [46 ]
Sardis is dead …

“You have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead.” Rev 3:1

But with the Holy Spirit’s empowering, it is in their own power to fix that problem; it is not true that they are totally unable to resolve the problem.

“2 Wake up! Strengthen what remains and is about to die, for I have found your deeds unfinished in the sight of my God. 3 Remember, therefore, what you have received and heard; hold it fast, and repent. But if you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what time I will come to you.” Rev 3:2,3

POINT 7: The Strong Case for Broken Relationship [47 ]
Relationship terminology dominates Ephesians 2, suggesting that Spiritual Death is akin to the Broken Relationship illustrated by the Prodigal Son and his Father.

There are no confirmation or elaborations on Spiritual Death in Ephesians 2 or anywhere else in the New Testament that support the case for Spiritual Death being a corpse-like state.

Conclusions

  1. The Calvinist view that Spiritual Death is a corpse-like state probably amounts to eisegesis rather than exegesis.
  2. The Calvinist view that Spiritual Death describes the unregenerate state of man is challenged by Revelations 3:1.
  3. Spiritual Death seems to be a broken relationship with God that can describe both regenerate and unregenerate persons.


Sources